ABSTRACT Analyzes of plant growth throughout the crop vegetative cycle are important to know the dynamics of the plant development. Thus the objective of this work was to study the development of potato genotypes throughout the crop cycle, in three environments. Experiments were conducted in Canoinhas-SC, Pelotas-RS, and Brasília-DF, Brazil, in the 2018 crop season. A randomized complete block experimental design with three replicates was used. Traits related to different plant parts of clones F183-08-01 and F50-08-01 and the cv. Asterix were evaluated as a function of time and, at the end of the cycle, for tuber yield. The two clones were found to have high tuber yields, but later development than 'Asterix'; consequently, its management must be adapted to this trait. Leaf mass, leaf number, leaf area index and root mass plus stems were correlated with each other, and leaf area index, leaf number and leaf mass can be quantified through only one of these traits, due to the high correlation between them. There were also positive and significant correlations between the height of the tallest stem and the root plus stem mass and the tuber mass, indicating that more vigorous plants have higher tuber yield.

RESUMO Embora seja responsiva ao uso intensivo de insumos agrícolas, a batata pode ser produzida em sistemas de produção menos intensivos, como o sistema orgânico, por meio do uso de técnicas de produção adequadas e genótipos adaptados. Nesse contexto, objetivou-se avaliar o desempenho de clones avançados de batata para caracteres componentes do rendimento de tubérculos em sistemas orgânico e convencional de produção, para a definição dos clones com maior potencial para se tornarem novas cultivares, adaptadas a esses sistemas. Foram avaliados 15 clones avançados de batata e duas cultivares testemunhas em sistemas orgânico e convencional de cultivo, nos anos 2016 e 2017 em Brasília-DF. O delineamento experimental foi blocos ao acaso com três repetições e parcelas compostas por duas linhas com 10 plantas cada, espaçadas 0,35 m entre plantas e 0,80 m entre linhas. Foram avaliadas a produtividade total (massa) e comercial (massa e número de tubérculos). A análise de variância mostrou diferenças significativas entre os genótipos para todos os caracteres. Apesar do menor rendimento médio de tubérculos em sistema orgânico, foi possível selecionar clones com elevado potencial produtivo neste sistema, principalmente os clones F158-08-01 e F158-08-02, com elevado rendimento de tubérculos comerciais, equivalentes ao do sistema convencional. Além destes, os clones F102-08-04, F13-09-07, F-18-09-03, F-183-08-01, F-21-09-07, F31-08-05, F63-10-07 e F97-07-03 também superaram as cultivares testemunhas no sistema orgânico. Para o sistema convencional, os clones F158-08-01, F158-08-02 e F183-08-01 foram superiores e os clones F18-09-03, F21-09-07, F63-10-07, F97-07-03, PCDINV10 e PCDSE090 apresentaram desempenho semelhante ou superior à testemunha mais produtiva (cultivar Asterix). Os clones F158-08-01 e F158-08-02, portanto, foram superiores em ambos os sistemas e possuem potencial para se tornarem novas cultivares com recomendação para esses dois sistemas de produção.

ABSTRACT Potato is responsive to intensive agricultural input use; however, it can be produced in less intensive production systems (such as the organic system) by using appropriate production techniques and genotypes adapted to this system. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of advanced potato genotypes for tuber yield under conventional and organic production systems, in order to select potential genotypes to become new cultivars adapted to these systems. Fifteen advanced potato clones and two controls were evaluated under organic and conventional production systems, in 2016 and 2017, in Brasília-DF, Brazil. The experimental design was randomized blocks with three replicates and plots composed of two rows with 10 plants each, spaced 0.35 m between plants and 0.80 m between rows. Total (mass) and marketable (mass and number of tubers) productivities were evaluated. Variance analysis showed significant differences among genotypes for all traits. Despite the lower average tuber yield in the organic system, selecting genotypes with high potential productivity was possible in this system, such as F158-08-01 and F158-08-02, showing high marketable tuber yield, with values equivalent to the conventional system. Clones F102-08-04, F13-09-07, F-18-09-03, F-183-08-01, F-21-09-07, F31-08-05, F63-10-07 and F97-07-03 also outperformed the control cultivars in organic system. For conventional system, F158-08-01, F158-08-02 and F183-08-01 were superior, and F18-09-03, F21-09-07, F63-10-07, F97-07-03, PCDINV10 and PCDSE090 showed performance similar or superior to the most productive control (cultivar Asterix). Genotypes F158-08-01 and F158-08-02 were superior in both conventional and organic systems, with potential to become new cultivars recommended for both production systems.

RESUMO O conhecimento do padrão de crescimento da planta em condições climáticas específicas (curva de crescimento) é a base para explorar o potencial máximo de rendimento de genótipos de batata. Objetivou-se estabelecer a curva de crescimento e avaliar as características agronômicas, produtividade e gravidade específica de tubérculos de três cultivares e um clone elite, a fim de fornecer informações básicas sobre as características produtivas desses genótipos no Centro-Oeste brasileiro. Utilizou-se delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, com 3 repetições. A massa seca acumulada pelos tubérculos variou de 6,28 (Agata) a 9,75 t ha-1 [F183-08-01(F183)]; a massa total de tubérculos de 35,33 (BRSIPR Bel) a 58,60 t ha-1 (F183); a massa de tubérculos comercializáveis de 23,46 (Asterix) a 48,24 t ha-1 (F183); e o índice de área foliar de 2,86 (Agata) a 10,60 (F183). F183 apresentou boa adaptação às condições de cultivo do Distrito Federal, sendo fortemente recomendado para essa região.

ABSTRACT The knowledge of the plant growth pattern under specific climatic conditions (growth curve) is the basis for exploiting the maximum yield potential of potato genotypes. This study aimed to establish the growth curve, as well as to evaluate the agronomic characteristics, yield and specific gravity of tubers of three potato cultivars and one elite clone, thus providing basic information on the productive characteristics of these genotypes in the Brazilian Midwest. A randomized experimental block design, with three replications, was used. The dry mass accumulated by the tubers varied from 6.28 (Agata) to 9.75 t ha-1 [F183-08-01 (F183)]; the total mass of tubers from 35.33 (BRSIPR Bel) to 58.60 t ha-1 (F183); the mass of marketable tubers from 23.46 (Asterix) to 48.24 t ha-1 (F183); and the leaf area index from 2.86 (Agata) to 10.60 (F183). F183 showed a good adaptation to the cultivation conditions of the Federal District, being strongly recommended for this region.

RESUMO O conhecimento das demandas nutricionais dos diferentes genótipos de batata é necessário para o desenvolvimento de recomendações de fertilização. Objetivou-se determinar e comparar as curvas de acúmulo de macronutrientes nos genótipos de batata Agata, Asterix, BRSIPR Bel e F183-08-01, visando subsidiar o parcelamento de adubação que atenda as demandas específicas de cada genótipo. O delineamento foi em blocos casualizados, com os tratamentos (genótipos × estádios de planta) dispostos em esquema de parcelas subdivididas, com três repetições. Os genótipos foram cultivados em parcelas contendo 75 plantas cada. As subparcelas dentro de uma parcela continham quatro plantas cada e corresponderam ao número de dias após o plantio, quando amostras destrutivas de plantas inteiras foram coletadas. As plantas das subparcelas foram colhidas aos 24, 38, 52, 66 e 80 dias após o plantio, para estimar a massa seca acumulada por diferentes partes da planta (parte aérea + raízes, tubérculos e plantas inteiras) e para determinar as curvas de acúmulo de macronutrientes. F183-08-01 apresentou o maior acúmulo total de N, Ca, Mg e S (141,37; 29,21; 25,16; e 22,36 kg ha-1, respectivamente). As maiores taxas de acúmulo de macronutrientes para todos os genótipos de batata ocorreram aos 24 dias após o plantio, coincidindo com o início da formação dos tubérculos.

ABSTRACT Knowledge on the nutritional demands of different potato genotypes is necessary for the development of fertilizing recommendations. This study aimed to determine and compare the macronutrient accumulation curves in the Agata, Asterix, BRSIPR Bel and F183-08-01 potato genotypes, in order to subsidize the split fertilization that could meet the specific demands of each genotype. A randomized block design was used, with the treatments (genotypes × plant stages) arranged in a split-plot scheme, with three replications. The genotypes were grown in plots containing 75 plants each. The subplots within a plot contained four plants each and corresponded to the number of days after planting, when destructive samples of whole plants were collected. The plants from the subplots were harvested at 24, 38, 52, 66 and 80 days after planting, to estimate the dry mass accumulated by different parts of the plant (shoots + roots, tubers and whole plants), as well as to determine the macronutrient accumulation curves. F183-08-01 presented the highest total accumulation of N, Ca, Mg and S (141.37, 29.21, 25.16 and 22.36 kg ha-1, respectively). The highest rates of macronutrient accumulation for all the potato genotypes occurred at 24 days after planting, coinciding with the beginning of the tubers formation.